Isaiah 45 in plain modern English. New Ground English Translation.
Time Period
Prophecy set in the Babylonian exile, roughly 550 to 539 BC, shortly before Persia's conquest of Babylon
Location
Babylon, with a view toward the Persian heartland to the east and the ruined city of Jerusalem to the west
Audience
Judean exiles in Babylon, including those uneasy about a foreign king being called God's chosen instrument
Situation
God addresses Cyrus of Persia directly as his anointed one, promising to level mountains and break bronze gates so that Cyrus can free the captives. The chapter then insists that the God of Israel alone forms light and creates darkness, and calls the ends of the earth to turn and be saved.
Key Background
Anointing was the ceremony that marked Israel's own kings and priests, so applying that word to a Persian who did not worship Israel's God was startling and probably offensive to some exiles. Cyrus later issued a decree letting displaced peoples return home and restore their temples, a policy recorded on the Cyrus Cylinder now in the British Museum. Ancient empires normally credited their victories to their own patron gods, which is why this chapter keeps repeating that there is no other god behind the events, only one.
This is what Yahweh says to his to Cyrus, whose right hand I have gripped tight — to flatten nations before him, to strip the armor from kings, to swing open double doors before him so that no gate stays shut:
"I will go ahead of you and the mountains. I will shatter bronze doors and cut through iron bars.
I will hand you in darkness, riches stashed in secret places — so you will know that I am Yahweh, the God of Israel, who calls you by name.
For the sake of my Jacob, Israel whom I have chosen, I called you by your name. I gave you a of honor even though you did not know me.
I am and there is no other. Apart from me, there is no God. I will strengthen you even though you have not known me,
so that from the of the to where it sets, people will know there is nothing apart from me. I am Yahweh, and there is no other.
I shape light and create darkness. I make and create disaster. I, Yahweh, do all these things.
Rain down from above, you skies! Let the clouds pour out what is right. Let the earth open wide and let spring up. Let what is sprout alongside it. I, Yahweh, have created this.
to anyone who argues with the one who shaped them — a piece of broken pottery among other broken pieces on the ground! Does the clay say to the "What are you making?" Does your work say, "He has no hands"?
Grief to anyone who says to a father, "What have you fathered?" or to a mother, "What have you brought into the world?"
This is what Yahweh says, the No Other in the who shaped him: "Are you really going to question me about my children? Are you going to give me orders about the work of my hands?"
I made the earth and created humanity upon it. My own hands stretched out the skies, and I all their
I have up for what is right, and I will make all his paths straight. He will rebuild my city and set my exiled people free — not for a price, not for a bribe," says who
This is what Yahweh says: "The wealth of Egypt and the merchandise of Cush and the tall — they will all come over to you and be yours. They will walk behind you in chains. They will bow down before you and plead with you: 'Surely God is with you, and there is no other — no other god at all.'"
Truly, you are a who himself, O of Israel, the
They will all be put to shame, all of them humiliated — the makers of will walk away disgraced together.
But Israel is rescued by Yahweh with a that forever. You will never be put to shame or humiliated, not for all of time.
For this is what Yahweh says — he created the skies, he is God; he shaped the earth and made it, he established it; he did not create it to be — he shaped it to be lived in: "I am Yahweh, and there is no other.
I have not spoken in secret, from some dark corner of the earth. I did not say to Jacob's descendants, 'Search for me in chaos.' I, Yahweh, speak what is right. I declare things that are straight.
Gather together and come! Draw near, you of the nations. They know nothing — those who carry around their wooden idols and pray to a god that cannot rescue.
Speak up! Present your case! Let them even take counsel together. Who announced this long ago? Who declared it from ancient times? Wasn't it I, Yahweh? There is no other God apart from me — a God and a rescuer. There is no one except me.
Turn to me and be rescued, all you of the earth! For I am God, and there is no other.
I have by — this word has gone out from my mouth in what is right, and it will not come back: Every will to me. Every tongue will to me.
"Only in Yahweh," they will say about me, "are what is and strength." All who raged against him will come to him and be put to shame.
In Yahweh all the descendants of Israel will they are in the and they will